陳殿禮、洪于惠、李蘊琪

Chen Tien-li , Hong Yu-hui , Lee Yun-chi

工藝、工藝生態系、三生需求理論、創易設計思維

Crafts, Craft Ecosystem, Theory of the Three Needs of Human Beings, Yi Design Thinking

本研究從東方哲學與文化觀點出發，探究臺灣工藝之本質以及工藝與人、與自然 界的互動關係，並對臺灣工藝發展提出思維論述。以「活」作為臺灣工藝發展之中心 思想，提出「活工藝.工藝活」之倡議，讓人人生活有工藝，讓工藝活重新被激活， 讓工藝價值與精神真正深入人心。師法自然、以人為本的工藝，可對應於人類生存、 生活、生命之「三生需求理論」，工藝的發展在過去累積的基礎上，順應當代趨勢而 能與時俱進，邁向未來。本研究以自然為喻，提出「工藝樹」之思考模式，工藝樹生 長於天地之間，以文化為土壤，技術為根幹，藝術與設計為枝葉，樹樹皆有格。融合 道家「三生萬物」之觀點，以隱含無限意涵的「三」為原則性定數，在三生(生存、 生活、生命)之後，再提出三會(會做、會想、會賣)及三術(技術、藝術、學術) 等關於工藝主體及客體的領悟。接續前述相關論述觀點之探討，以國立臺灣工藝研 究發展中心近年推動的相關計畫為例，闡述臺灣工藝對應三生需求理論的創新實踐進 路，以期給予從事工藝者多元發展之參考。最後，如同自然法則中生物多樣化助益於 生態系之永續，展望以多樣化的工藝(工藝類種、創作者或品牌等)共同成就一個生 生不息的「工藝生態系」，滿足世人安身立命不同層次的需求，最終讓人人享受工藝， 以工藝樂活(LOHAS)人生。

This study delves into the essence of Taiwanese crafts from an Eastern philosophical and cultural perspective. It examines the interplay among crafts, people, and the natural world while providing theoretical insights into the evolution of Taiwanese artistic craftsmanship. Centered on the notion of "living," pivotal to Taiwan's craft evolution, we propose the concept of "Living Crafts, Revitalizing Crafts." This endeavor aims to infuse craftsmanship into everyday life, fostering its value and spirit in the hearts of people. Craftsmanship, inspired by nature and centered on humanity, aligns with the "Theory of the Three Needs of Human Beings" encompassing livelihood, living, and life. Craft development hinges on honoring the past while adapting to contemporary trends, ensuring relevance in the present and progression into the future. In this study, nature serves as a metaphor, presenting the "Craft Tree" as a conceptual model. This tree thrives between earth and sky, with culture as its soil, technique as its root, and art and design as its branches and leaves, each tree manifesting a distinct character. Drawing from Taoism's concept of “the Three gives births of all things,” and based on the meaning of “The Three,” which indicates infinity as a principal constant, we propose the triad of Birth, Capabilities, and Arts. The triad of births encompasses livelihood, living, and life. This is further supplemented by the triads of capabilities including, “can do, can think, and can sell”; and the triad of arts contains, “technique, art, and scholarship”. These triads are proposed as the understanding of craft’s subjectivity and objectivity. Continuing the previous discussion, the National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute (NTCRI) exemplifies these theories through recent projects, elaborating innovative practices of Taiwanese crafts in response to the theory of the “Three Needs of Human Beings”. Furthermore, this work is expected to serve as a reference for the diversified development of craftsmanship. " Finally, just as biodiversity sustains ecosystems in the natural world, we envisage a diverse array of crafts—craft types, creators, and brands—working in tandem to establish an enduring "craft ecosystem." This ecosystem aims to cater to the varied needs of the world, allowing everyone to embrace craftsmanship and experience a lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS) in their lives.